Four errors

The four errors (Skt. catvāro viparyāsāḥ; T. phyin ci log pa bzhi), or four misapprehensions, are mistaking:

1. the impermanent to be permanent,
2. the painful to be pleasant,
3. the dirty to be clean, and
4. what has no self to have a self

These four errors are "often described in Buddhist canonical literature as the main underpinnings of sentient beings’ mistaken view of the world."

The four errors are discussed extensively in the Abhidharma and also in the Aryadeva's Catuḥśataka, where each is treated in a separate chapter.

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Page is sourced from

www.encyclopediaofbuddhism.org Four errors